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Jarvis Island
Jarvis Island (; formerly known as Bunker Island) is an uninhabited coral island located in the South Pacific Ocean at , about halfway between Hawaii and the Cook Islands. It is an unincorporated, unorganized territory of the United States, administered by the United States Fish and Wildlife Service of the United States Department of the Interior as part of the National Wildlife Refuge system.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Jarvis Island )〕 Unlike most coral atolls, the lagoon on Jarvis is wholly dry.
Jarvis is one of the Line Islands and for statistical purposes is also grouped as one of the United States Minor Outlying Islands.
==Geography and ecology==
While a few offshore anchorage spots are marked on maps, Jarvis island has no ports or harbors, and swift currents are a hazard. There is a boat landing area in the middle of the western shoreline near a crumbling day beacon, and another near the southwest corner of the island. The center of Jarvis island is a dried lagoon where deep guano deposits accumulated, which were mined for about 20 years during the nineteenth century. The island has a tropical desert climate, with high daytime temperatures, constant wind, and strong sun. Nights, however, are quite cool. The ground is mostly sandy and reaches 23 feet (7 meters) at its highest point. The low-lying coral island has long been noted as hard to sight from small ships and is surrounded by a narrow fringing reef.
Located only south of the equator, Jarvis has no known natural freshwater lens and scant rainfall.〔Pacific Remote Islands National Wildlife Refuge Complex, ''(Jarvis Island NWR Draft CCP EA )'', August 2007, retrieved November 25, 2010: "No information is available on the subsurface hydrology of Jarvis Island. However, its small size and prevailing arid rainfall conditions would not likely result in the formation of a drinkable groundwater lens. During staff visits to Jarvis, potable water is carried in containers to the island for short visits."〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=United States Pacific Island Wildlife Refuges )〕 This creates a very bleak, flat landscape without any plants larger than shrubs.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Jarvis Island - Pacific Biodiversity Information Forum photographs )〕 There is no evidence that the island has ever supported a self-sustaining human population. Its sparse bunch grass, prostrate vines and low-growing shrubs are primarily a nesting, roosting, and foraging habitat for seabirds, shorebirds, and marine wildlife.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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